To do all that, the machine’s controller must know precisely how the shaft is behaving at all Arial: how fast it’s rotating, what direction it’s rotating, how far it has rotated, and where a particular spot on the shaft is at a given moment. One way to obtain this information is with a rotary encoder.
Through-bore, or hollow-shaft, rotary encoders attach directly to the shaft. Shafted models connect to the shaft indirectly through a chain, gear or coupling.