Most electronic components are susceptible to electrostatic discharge (ESD) damage at relatively low voltage levels. Many devices are susceptible at less than 100 volts, while disk drive components have sensitivities below 10 volts. Medical devices and fiber optic components also are extremely vulnerable to the effects of static.
Damage can occur at almost any time before, during and after assembly, rework, automated handling or transport. Despite ongoing efforts to curtail ESD with new technology, the age-old problem continues to affect production yields, manufacturing costs and product quality.