Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning have become vital tools for the production of next-generation automated vehicles, particularly because of the need to recognize and react to the nearly infinite number of scenarios encountered on real-world roads.

The further along the process the industry gets, the more it learns about what it doesn’t understand and what it hasn’t thought through yet, but that hasn’t stopped automakers, component suppliers, trade bodies, and analysts from tackling the enormous challenges of the data-driven autonomous vehicle.